Island No. 10: Struggle for the Mississippi Valley, by Larry J. Daniel, Lynn N. Bock
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Island No. 10: Struggle for the Mississippi Valley, by Larry J. Daniel, Lynn N. Bock
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By February 1862 Confederate forces in Kentucky and Tennessee were falling back in disorder. Fort Henry on the Tennessee River and Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River fell to combined land and naval forces under Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grant and Flag Officer Andrew H. Foote. These losses necessitated the abandonment of the Rebel stronghold of Columbus, Kentucky. The entire upper Mississippi Valley lay open to Federal invasion. Toward that end, a new Union army under Major General John Pope began organizing at Commerce, Missouri.Confederate Major General John P. McCown was sent to plug the breach by fortifying Island No. 10, a one-mile-long island positioned in a bend in the Mississippi River that straddled the boundaries of Tennessee, Missouri, and Kentucky. Pope's army had to be held in check long enough for the main Confederate force, under generals Albert Sidney Johnston and P. G. T. Beauregard, to concentrate and launch a counterattack against Grant's advancing army.
The ensuing campaign at Island No. 10 created the first extensive siege of the Civil War. The ultimate capture of the garrison resulted in a new army command for Pope in Virginia. As for the Confederates, the campaign pointed to a faulty western strategy. Simply to concede the rivers and their adjoining cities to the Federal navy was politically unacceptable. Garrison after garrison was captured, however, in the attempt to defend the rivers to the last extremity. Between February 1862 and July 1863 the Confederates lost 64,400 troops, some nine divisions, in defending the rivers. This strategy was a significant contributing factor for Confederate defeat in the West.
Island No. 10: Struggle for the Mississippi Valley, by Larry J. Daniel, Lynn N. Bock- Amazon Sales Rank: #1378945 in eBooks
- Published on: 2015-06-25
- Released on: 2015-06-25
- Format: Kindle eBook
Review "A major new study that highlights one of the opening campaigns for control of the Mississippi Valley, and indispensable for understanding Union army-navy operations in the West."—B. Franklin Cooling, Historian, U.S. Department of Energy"The scholarship is sound and thorough. This book will be useful to historians of the Civil War who wish to draw on it for an authoritative account of this campaign, and Civil War buffs will want it in their libraries."—James M. McPherson, Princeton University
From the Back Cover In 1862 Island No. 10, so named because it was the tenth island south of the junction of the Ohio River with the Mississippi River at Cairo, Illinois, was a natural fortress approximately 1 mile long and 450 yards wide, sitting at about 10 ft above low water in the middle of the channel and straddling the boundaries of the states of Tennessee, Missouri, and Kentucky. It was an ideal site from which Confederates could maintain control of the rivers to the West. But in March and early April of that year, the combined Union army and navy launched a campaign for command of Island No. 10, which became the site of the first extensive siege of the Civil War.
About the Author
Larry J. Daniel is an independent scholar living in Murray, Kentucky, and author of Cannoneers in Gray published by The University of Alabama Press in 1984. Lynn N. Bock is a lawyer in New Madrid, Missouri.
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Most helpful customer reviews
16 of 16 people found the following review helpful. Real Information at last By James W. Durney Island No. 10 is always there but never really part of the story. It happens off to the East if you are reading about the Trans-Mississippi. It happens off the West when you are reading a book on Shiloh. When you read about Forts Henry & Donelson, they clear the way for it to happen and it had to happen to allow the Vicksburg Campaign. If you read about the 1862 campaigns in Virginia, Island No. 10 makes Pope into McClellan's chief rival. Setting up all the questions about Second Manassas and did or did not the AOP with hold troops allowing Pope to be defeated. In 1862, Island No. 10 is one event that seems to be included in every story but is not important enough to be a story. We all know about it but we lack knowledge of the campaign falling into the always their but never central to the story.With no large battles or star players, it is easy to see how this happened. Pope's reputation is destroyed in six months and Foote dies within a year canceling the Union leaders. The Confederacy never commits a major player to the defense of the island. After surrendering, reputations destroyed; captured and imprisoned the commanders are relegated to minor positions when exchanged.This small book covers the actions of both sides as they struggle for control of a critical position on the Mississippi River. Island No. 10 is the tenth island south of the Ohio River and a key defensive position in stopping the northern advance from Cairo. Generals Polk, AS Johnston and Beauregard all had other things on their mind and the island was never a primary position. We are given an excellent but concise understand of the "bigger issues" caused this to happen. When Union General Pope took New Madrid, he cut the position off from most river traffic. Flag Officer Andrew Foote with ironclads and mortar ships launched a prolonged bombardment. Each side builds and abandons positions on the river, conducts raids and endures the boredom of siege operations. The reader gets a good understand of the move counter move of constant action. The book's maps keep the positions clear, while photos and illustrations give us the feel of history unfolding. The infighting between the armies and navies is a piece of ACW history seldom seen. The Confederate commander would not risk his ships wanting to save his ships for use in defending New Orleans. The Union commander was convinced his ironclads were all that stopped Confederate control of the Mississippi. The Confederate ships fled as Pope tightens control below the island and Foote faced with increasing pressure and near mutiny allowed a couple of ironclads to run past the defenses.The Union City series ironclads, weak by later standards, were the decisive weapon in 1862. We see that here, as they are able to defeat anything the CSA can throw at them. Reading this book, helps us to understand the CSA's withdrawal to Corinth and the thinking behind the attack at Shiloh.Larry J. Daniel is one of our better authors and Lynn Bock complements his style producing a readable informative book that is fun to read.
13 of 13 people found the following review helpful. Good Analysis! By Michael E. Fitzgerald In 1862 Island No. 10, so named because it was the tenth island south of the junction of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers at Cairo, Illinois, was a natural fortress 1 mile long and 450 yards wide. It was shallow, 10 feet above low water, in the middle of the channel, and straddled the boundaries of the states of Tennessee, Kentucky and Missouri. It was an ideal site from which the Confederates could maintain control of both rivers, effectively choking all northern river traffic and thus the export of all Union production north of these rivers as far east as today's West Virginia. It was a critical site indeed.But in March and early April of 1862, the combined Union army and navy launched a campaign for command of the Island No. 10, which became the site of the first extensive seige of the Civil War. Success here launched the elevation of General John Pope to command of the Army of the Potomac and set the stage for the Union's subsequent disaster at second Manassas. But this engagement also demonstrated the strength of Union control in the Mississippi River Valley and set the stage for the Union's ultimate triumph at Vicksburg and the opening of the Mississippi River system over a year later.An often mentioned yet overlooked Mississippi River battle, Larry J. Daniel and Lynn N. Bock render an excellent analysis of this key, early Civil War Union victory.
6 of 6 people found the following review helpful. The Forgotten Campaign Revealed By CTS 2631 Until I read this book the campaign for Island Number 10 was always a side show to whatever other campaign I was reading about. This short volume by Larry J. Daniel and Lynn N. Bock describes in detail the Union Campaign to open the upper Mississippi in early 1862. The overland campaign led by Union General John Pope to capture New Madrid, Missouri, downriver from Island Number 10, and Flag Officer Andrew Foote's naval campaign to lay seige to the Island are thoroughly explained without getting too bogged down in the details, as well as the final combined push to capture the Confederate forts and garrison. The history is told from both sides of the campaign with equal attention to the leaders, soldiers and sailors, and civilians on both sides. I liked the writing style and it was easy to keep track of all the action and principal players. This is the only volume I could find on this campaign and I was not disappointed. I enjoyed reading it, learned a lot of things I didnt know and got a better understanding of things I wasnt too sure about. (like how John Pope got so much notoriety that he ended up getting shipped to Virginia to command a Union army that got thrashed by Lee) The maps are good. Lots of pictures and illustrations. This is a must have volume for understanding one of the opening moves in the campaign to open the Mississippi. Highly reccomended.
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