Choosing Terror: Virtue, Friendship, and Authenticity in the French Revolution, by Marisa Linton
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Choosing Terror: Virtue, Friendship, and Authenticity in the French Revolution, by Marisa Linton
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Choosing Terror: Virtue, Friendship and Authenticity in the French Revolution examines the leaders of the French Revolution - Robespierre and his fellow Jacobins - and particularly the gradual process whereby many of them came to 'choose terror'. These men led the Jacobin Club between 1789 and 1794, and were attempting to establish new democratic politics in France. Exploring revolutionary politics through the eyes of these leaders, and against a politicalbackdrop of a series of traumatic events, wars, and betrayals, Marisa Linton portrays the Jacobins as complex human beings who were influenced by emotions and personal loyalties, as well as by their revolutionary ideology.The Jacobin leaders' entire political careers were constrained by their need to be seen by their supporters as 'men of virtue', free from corruption and ambition, and concerned only with the public good. In the early stages of the Revolution, being seen as 'men of virtue' empowered the Jacobin leaders, and aided them in their efforts to forge their political careers. However, with the onset of war, there was a growing conviction that political leaders who feigned virtue were 'the enemy within',secretly conspiring with France's external enemies. By year two, the year of the Terror, the Jacobin identity had become a destructive force: in order to demonstrate their own authenticity, they had to be seen to act virtuously, and be prepared, if the public good demanded it, to denounce anddestroy their friends, and even to sacrifice their own lives. This desperate thinking resulted in the politicians' terror, one of the most ruthless of all forms of terror during the Revolution. Choosing Terror seeks neither to cast blame, nor to exonerate, but to understand the process whereby such things can happen.
Choosing Terror: Virtue, Friendship, and Authenticity in the French Revolution, by Marisa Linton- Amazon Sales Rank: #1965439 in eBooks
- Published on: 2015-06-04
- Released on: 2015-06-04
- Format: Kindle eBook
Review "Marisa Linton's new book is in the best traditions of such careful, detailed, biographically-conscious evaluations... resolutely both biographical and contextual, refracting an impressive breadth of learning about the cultures of late 18th-century France." --Reviews in History
"Linton argues brilliantly that in our quest to understand the still deeply divisive 'politicans' Terror', we are in fact left as the Jacobins were, that is, with 'the impossibility of knowing what anyone, friend or enemy, was really thinking'." --Modern & Contemporary France
"Linton's rigorously researched and documented work renders in intricate detail the personalities, motives, and interrelationships of revolutionary figures caught up in the writing landscape of the great French political experiment." --CHOICE
"Linton's chronological approach allows her to offer many insights into the politicians' personal experience of the Terror, and she is particularly strong on the subject of friendship." --French History
"Marisa Linton's new book is in the best traditions of such careful, detailed, biographically-conscious evaluations... resolutely both biographical and contextual, refracting an impressive breadth of learning about the cultures of late 18th-century France." --Reviews in History
"As Linton points out in this fascinating study, the development of terrorist mentality among the Jacobian elite during the revolution was the first example of terror being used to defend explicitly deomcratic values... The broad lines of [the time period] are known but Linton's treatment of it is based on a close reading of a range of primary and secondary sources and contains a range of interesting insights, not least into several of the major political figures involved... Linton's book covers five years of the revolution and integrates a great deal of recent research into an interpretation of terror which will fascinate the general reader and encourage specialists to extend research into some of the areas she covers." --Dublin Review of Books
"Linton argues brilliantly that in our quest to understand the still deeply divisive 'politicans' Terror', we are in fact left as the Jacobins were, that is, with 'the impossibility of knowing what anyone, friend or enemy, was really thinking'." --Modern & Contemporary France
"Linton's rigorously researched and documented work renders in intricate detail the personalities, motives, and interrelationships of revolutionary figures caught up in the writing landscape of the great French political experiment." --CHOICE
"Linton's chronological approach allows her to offer many insights into the politicians' personal experience of the Terror, and she is particularly strong on the subject of friendship." --French History
"Marisa Linton's new book is in the best traditions of such careful, detailed, biographically-conscious evaluations... resolutely both biographical and contextual, refracting an impressive breadth of learning about the cultures of late 18th-century France." --Reviews in History
"Linton offers a finely textured and compelling play-by-play, as figures like Jacques-Pierre Brissot, Georges Danton, Robespierre, and Jean Tallien wrestle over each other's fates and the future of France. ... Linton has given us a potent account of how individual revolutionaries faced the Terror." --Journal of Interdisciplinary History
"As Linton points out in this fascinating study, the development of terrorist mentality among the Jacobian elite during the revolution was the first example of terror being used to defend explicitly deomcratic values... The broad lines of [the time period] are known but Linton's treatment of it is based on a close reading of a range of primary and secondary sources and contains a range of interesting insights, not least into several of the major political figures involved... Linton's book covers five years of the revolution and integrates a great deal of recent research into an interpretation of terror which will fascinate the general reader and encourage specialists to extend research into some of the areas she covers." --Dublin Review of Books
"Linton argues brilliantly that in our quest to understand the still deeply divisive 'politicans' Terror', we are in fact left as the Jacobins were, that is, with 'the impossibility of knowing what anyone, friend or enemy, was really thinking'." --Modern & Contemporary France
"Linton's rigorously researched and documented work renders in intricate detail the personalities, motives, and interrelationships of revolutionary figures caught up in the writing landscape of the great French political experiment." --CHOICE
"Linton's chronological approach allows her to offer many insights into the politicians' personal experience of the Terror, and she is particularly strong on the subject of friendship." --French History
"Marisa Linton's new book is in the best traditions of such careful, detailed, biographically-conscious evaluations... resolutely both biographical and contextual, refracting an impressive breadth of learning about the cultures of late 18th-century France." --Reviews in History
About the Author Marisa Linton is a leading historian of the French Revolution. She is currently Reader in History at Kingston University. She has published widely on eighteenth-century France and the French Revolution. She is the author of The Politics of Virtue in Enlightenment France (2001) and the co-editor of Conspiracy in the French Revolution (2007).
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8 of 8 people found the following review helpful. The French Revolution and Greek Tragedy: Deja vu By GDP 'Choosing Terror' by Marisa Linton is an extraordinary book - 'The Terror' is the subject of many books, yet she manages to bring a new and credible perspective to the violent aspect of the French Revolution. History (Gk: historia) is the product of "finding out" and narrative, and Linton excels at both. For a lay historian with an interest in the French Revolution this is a great addition to the search for perspective and knowledge.The exacting focus is upon the individuals of the French Revolution (specifically the Jacobins and the factions thereof) rather than the larger swells and waves of late-18th Century French history (which serve as the broader context of Jacobin conduct). The revolutionaries assumed institutional power in the vacuum left when the monarchy (and a brief constitutional monarchy) failed. Virtue (an active and selfless concern for fellow citizens) developed as a substitute for the court-centered practices of combining power, status, and privilege with the exercise of duties. 'Noblesse oblige' was no longer seen as noble, but rather, for good reason, as corrupt and venal.The revolutionaries had to be seen as altruistically dedicated only to the good of their nation and fellow citizens. We see the principals of the Revolution motivated by an admixture of ambition, principle, and, importantly, fear. The fear these men felt (and the politicians in this narrative are all men - though women such as Charlotte Corday appear) was the wrath of 'the people' they had intended to serve as well as the threat of the counter-revolution, whether it be the spread of the civil war in the Vendee or assassination by Parisian Royalists. Ultimately, however, the culture of virtue that was created became a double-edged sword that also created the most immediate and likely source of fear ... death at the hands of fellow politicians (and often former, or even current, 'friends').Once treason and its consequences were institutionalized, targets of 'the Terror' were increasingly fellow politicians accused of inauthentic virtue, i.e., feigning virtue while not acting selflessly on behalf of the nation (what Linton labels the 'Politician's Terror' was a consequence of laws, such as the ominously titled Law of Suspects, dated Sept. 17, 1793). All that was required were doubts and allegations; proof ... not so much. This 'Politician's Terror' became the meat-grinder that consumes successive factions of the Jacobins, including Robespierre himself.Linton's account postures the lives of Robespierre et al as characters in a Greek Tragedy - as they themselves are consumed by the cult of "virtue" they had helped create. The story Linton tells is vivid and dramatic through the use of the characters' own words (letters, diaries, and speeches) to create portraits of persons living in fear as a result of a series of choices that ironically converted virtue into a killing machine.Like Greek Tragedy, 'Choosing Terror' has timeless lessons for our world, as well. As Linton writes in the Acknowledgements, "To understand the French revolutionaries is to understand ourselves better."One question about the French Revolution worth pondering is, "Was the French Revolution possible without 'The Terror'"? ... or another, "Was there a viable alternative to the culture of virtue that became embedded in the politics of revolutionary France?" It would have required a political mechanism to create compromise and consensus, a deliberate and oft time-consuming process not easily accepted by a frothy public nor "virtuous" politicians.America, 2013: to quote Yogi Berra, "Its like deja vu all over again."
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